Researchers: Gene L Bowman, Hiroko H Dodge, Sophie Guyonnet, Nina Zhou, Juliana Donohue, Aline Bichsel, Jeroen Schmitt, Claudie Hooper, Tamas Bartfai, Sandrine Andrieu, Bruno Vellas, MAPT/DSA Study Group
INTRODUCTION: Multinutrient approaches may produce more robust effects on brain health through interactive qualities. We hypothesized that a blood-based nutritional risk index (NRI) including three biomarkers of diet quality can explain cognitive trajectories in the multidomain Alzheimer prevention trial (MAPT) over 3-years. METHODS: The NRI included erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and plasma homocysteine. The NRI scores reflect the number of nutritional risk factors (0-3). The primary outcome in MAPT was a cognitive composite Z score within each participant that was fit with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Eighty percent had at lease one nutritional risk factor for cognitive decline (NRI ≥1: 573 of 712). Participants presenting without nutritional risk factors (NRI=0) exhibited cognitive enhancement (β = 0.03 standard units [SU]/y), whereas each NRI point increase corresponded to an incremental acceleration in rates of cognitive decline (NRI-1: β = -0.04 SU/y, P = .03; NRI-2: β = -0.08 SU/y, P < .0001; and NRI-3: β = -0.11 SU/y, P = .0008). DISCUSSION: Identifying and addressing these well-established nutritional risk factors may reduce age-related cognitive decline in older adults; an observation that warrants further study.