Researchers: Junyeon Won, Daniel D Callow, Gabriel S Pena, Marissa A Gogniat, Yash Kommula, Naomi A Arnold-Nedimala, Leslie S Jordan, J Carson Smith
The number of studies investigating exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-related changes in the functional and structural organization of brain networks continues to rise. Functional and structural connectivity are critical biomarkers for brain health and many exercise-related benefits on the brain are better represented by network dynamics. Here, we reviewed the neuroimaging literature to better understand how exercise or CRF may facilitate and maintain the efficiency and integrity of functional and structural aspects of brain networks in both younger and older adults. Converging evidence suggests that increased exercise performance and CRF modulate functional connectivity of the brain in a way that corresponds to behavioral changes such as cognitive and motor performance improvements. Similarly, greater physical activity levels and CRF are associated with better cognitive and motor function, which may be brought about by enhanced structural network integrity. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of trends in exercise-network studies as well as future directions based on the gaps in knowledge that are currently present in the literature.
References
- Does Aerobic Exercise Influence Intrinsic Brain Activity? An Aerobic Exercise Intervention among Healthy Old Adults.
- or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements - a systematic review.
- Evolutionary aspects of human exercise—born to run purposefully.
- Effects of a 12-Week Aerobic Spin Intervention on Resting State Networks in Previously Sedentary Older Adults.
- Adaptive responses of neuronal mitochondria to bioenergetic challenges: Roles in neuroplasticity and disease resistance.
- Fitness, but not physical activity, is related to functional integrity of brain networks associated with aging.
- Tai Chi Training Evokes Significant Changes in Brain White Matter Network in Older Women.