Researchers: Kaleen M Lavin, Paul M Coen, Liliana C Baptista, Margaret B Bell, Devin Drummer, Sara A Harper, Manoel E Lixandrão, Jeremy S McAdam, Samia M O’Bryan, Sofhia Ramos, Lisa M Roberts, Rick B Vega, Bret H Goodpaster, Marcas M Bamman, Thomas W Buford
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
References
- Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults.
- Hippocampal gene expression patterns linked to late-life physical activity oppose age and AD-related transcriptional decline.
- Optimizing the benefits of exercise on physical function in older adults.
- The effect of lifelong exercise dose on cardiovascular function during exercise.
- The effect of lifelong endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function in women.
- On the Run for Hippocampal Plasticity.
- Effects of Exercise and Aging on Skeletal Muscle.
- or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements - a systematic review.
- Beneficial effects of exercise on age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
- Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience.
- Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation.
- Nonpharmacological interventions to treat physical frailty and sarcopenia in older patients: a systematic overview - the SENATOR Project ONTOP Series.
- Effects of a 12-Week Aerobic Spin Intervention on Resting State Networks in Previously Sedentary Older Adults.
- Comparable Rates of Integrated Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Between Endurance-Trained Master Athletes and Untrained Older Individuals.
- Long-Term Endurance and Power Training May Facilitate Motor Unit Size Expansion to Compensate for Declining Motor Unit Numbers in Older Age.
- Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity.
- Strengthening the Brain-Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement?